ЭКЗАМЕН НА ГРАЖДАНСТВО: Новые вопросы

Как сообщила Служба гражданства и иммиграции США (USCIS), с 1 октября 2008 года все претенденты на получение американского гражданства должны будут во время прохождения интервью сдавать экзамен, предполагающий знание истории и государственного устройства США в соответствии с новым списком вопросов по этим темам. Это предстоит тем, кто подаст документы на гражданство после 1 октября 2008 года.
Те, кто успел сделать это раньше, но не прошел интервью (в любом случае до 1 октября 2009 года), будут иметь право выбора: либо сдавать экзамен по старому списку вопросов, либо по новому.
Ниже приводится новый список вопросов, причем на некоторые из них есть несколько вариантов правильного ответа. Например, в вопросе 13 “Назовите одну из ветвей или частей  правительства” Вы в качестве правильного ответа можете назвать любой из шести приведенных вариантов. В вопросе 36 “Назовите двух членов кабинета” Вы должны назвать любую пару министров из перечисленных пятнадцати. Если на вопрос даны несколько ответов, то Вы можете в качестве правильного  выбрать любой из них. Важно лишь понимать смысл ответов и понимать их равнозначность.
Составители понимают, что со временем ответы на некоторые вопросы могут меняться в соответствии с текущей политической обстановкой в стране.
Звездочкой (*) обозначены вопросы, предназначенные людям, достигшим 65 лет и старше и являющихся постоянными жителями США в течение 20 и более лет.

AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
A: Principles of American Democracy

1. What is the supreme law of the land?

the Constitution

2. What does the Constitution do?

sets up the government
defines the government
protects basic rights of Americans

3. The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution. What are these words?

We the People

4. What is an amendment?

a change (to the Constitution)
an addition (to the Constitution)

5. What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution?

the Bill of Rights

6. What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment?*
 
speech
religion
assembly
press
petition the government

7. How many amendments does the Constitution have?
 
twenty-seven (27)

8. What did the Declaration of Independence do?

announced our independence (from Great Britain)
declared our independence (from Great Britain)
said that the United States is free (from Great Britain)

9. What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence?
 
life
liberty
pursuit of happiness

10. What is freedom of religion?

You can practice any religion, or not practice a religion.

11. What is the economic system in the United States?*

capitalist economy
market economy

12. What is the “rule of law”?

Everyone must follow the law.
Leaders must obey the law.
Government must obey the law.
No one is above the law.

B: System of Government

13. Name one branch or part of the government.*

Congress
legislative
President
executive
the courts
judicial

14. What stops one branch of government from becoming too powerful?

 checks and balances
 separation of powers

15. Who is in charge of the executive branch?

the President

16. Who makes federal laws?

Congress
Senate and House (of Representatives)
(U.S. or national) legislature
17. What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?*
 
the Senate and House (of Representatives)

18. How many U.S. Senators are there?

one hundred (100)

18. How many U.S. Senators are there?
one hundred (100)

19. We elect a U.S. Senator for how many years?

six (6)

20. Who is one of your state’s U.S. Senators?*

Answers will vary.

21. The House of Representatives has how many voting members?

four hundred thirty-five (435)

22. We elect a U.S. Representative for how many years?

two (2)

23. Name your U.S. Representative.

Answers will vary.

24. Who does a U.S. Senator represent?

all people of the state

25. Why do some states have more Representatives than other states?

(because of) the state’s population
(because) they have more people
(because) some states have more people

26. We elect a President for how many years?

four (4)

27. In what month do we vote for President?*

November

28. What is the name of the President of the United States now?*

George W. Bush
George Bush
Bush

29. What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now?

Richard Cheney
Dick Cheney
Cheney

30. If the President can no longer serve, who becomes President?
 
the Vice President

31. If both the President and the Vice President can no longer serve, who becomes President?
 
the Speaker of the House

32. Who is the Commander in Chief of the military?
the President

33. Who signs bills to become laws?

the President

 33. Who signs bills to become laws?

the President

34. Who vetoes bills?
 
the President

35. What does the President’s Cabinet do?
 
advises the President

36. What are two Cabinet-level positions?
 
Secretary of Agriculture
Secretary of Commerce
Secretary of Defense
Secretary of Education
Secretary of Energy
Secretary of Health and Human Services
Secretary of Homeland Security
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Secretary of Interior
Secretary of State
Secretary of Transportation
Secretary of Treasury
Secretary of Veterans’ Affairs
Secretary of Labor
Attorney General

37. What does the judicial branch do?
reviews laws
explains laws
resolves disputes (disagreements)
decides if a law goes against the Constitution

38. What is the highest court in the United States?
 
the Supreme Court

39. How many justices are on the Supreme Court?
 
nine (9)
40. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States?

 John Roberts (John G. Roberts, Jr.)

41. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the federal government. What is one power of the federal government?

to print money
 to declare war
 to create an army
 to make treaties

42. Under our Constitution, some powers belong to the states. What is one power of the states?
 
provide schooling and education
provide protection (police)
provide safety (fire departments)
give a driver’s license
approve zoning and land use

43. Who is the Governor of your state?
 
Answers will vary.

44. What is the capital of your state?*
 
Answers will vary.

45. What are the two major political parties in the United States?*

Democratic and Republican

46. What is the political party of the President now?

 Republican (Party)

47. What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now?

(Nancy) Pelosi

C: Rights and Responsibilities

48. There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them.
 
Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote).
 You don’t have to pay (a poll tax) to vote.
 Any citizen can vote. (Women and men can vote.)
 A male citizen of any race (can vote).

49. What is one responsibility that is only for United States citizens?*

 serve on a jury
 vote

50. What are two rights only for United States citizens?
 
apply for a federal job
 vote
 run for office
 carry a U.S. passport

51. What are two rights of everyone living in the United States?

freedom of expression
freedom of speech
freedom of assembly
freedom to petition the government
freedom of worship
the right to bear arms

52. What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance?
 
the United States
  the flag
 
 53. What is one promise you make when you become a United States citizen?
 
give up loyalty to other countries
defend the Constitution and laws of the United States
obey the laws of the United States
serve in the U.S. military (if needed)
serve (do important work for) the nation (if needed)
be loyal to the United State

54. How old do citizens have to be to vote for President?*

eighteen (18) and older

55. What are two ways that Americans can participate in their democracy?

 vote
 join a political party
 help with a campaign
 join a civic group
 join a community group
 give an elected official your opinion on an issue
 call Senators and Representatives
 publicly support or oppose an issue or policy
 run for office
 write to a newspaper

56. When is the last day you can send in federal income tax forms?*

 April 15

57. When must all men register for the Selective Service?

 at age eighteen (18)
 between eighteen (18) and twenty-six (26)

AMERICAN HISTORY
A: Colonial Period and Independence

58. What is one reason colonists came to America?

freedom
political liberty
religious freedom
economic opportunity
practice their religion
escape persecution

59. Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived?
 
Native Americans
 American Indians

60. What group of people was taken to America and sold as slaves?

Africans
 people from Africa

61. Why did the colonists fight the British?
 
because of high taxes (taxation without representation)
because the British army stayed in their houses (boarding, quartering)
because they didn’t have self-government

62. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
 
(Thomas) Jefferson

63. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?

 July 4, 1776

64. There were 13 original states. Name three.
 
New Hampshire
 Massachusetts
 Rhode Island
 Connecticut
 New York
 New Jersey
 Pennsylvania
 Delaware
 Maryland
 Virginia
 North Carolina
 South Carolina
 Georgia

65. What happened at the Constitutional Convention?
 
The Constitution was written.
The Founding Fathers wrote the Constitution.

66. When was the Constitution written?
 1787

67. The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers.

(James) Madison
 (Alexander) Hamilton
 (John) Jay
 Publius

68. What is one thing Benjamin Franklin is famous for?
 
U.S. diplomat
 oldest member of the Constitutional Convention
 first Postmaster General of the United States
 writer of “Poor Richard’s Almanac”
 started the first free libraries

69. Who is the “Father of Our Country”?

 (George) Washington

70. Who was the first President?*
 
(George) Washington

B: 1800s

71. What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803?
 
the Louisiana Territory
 Louisiana

72. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s.

 War of 1812
 Mexican-American War
 Civil War
 Spanish-American War

73. Name the U.S. war between the North and the South.
 
the Civil War
the War between the States

74. Name one problem that led to the Civil War.
 
slavery
 economic reasons
 states’ rights

75. What was one important thing that Abraham Lincoln did?*
 
freed the slaves (Emancipation Proclamation)
saved (or preserved) the Union
led the United States during the Civil War

76. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?

freed the slaves
freed slaves in the Confederacy
freed slaves in the Confederate states
freed slaves in most Southern states

77. What did Susan B. Anthony do?
 
fought for women’s rights
fought for civil rights

C:Recent American History and Other Important Historical Information

78. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s.*

 World War I
 World War II
 Korean War
 Vietnam War
 (Persian) Gulf War

79. Who was President during World War I?

(Woodrow) Wilson

80. Who was President during the Great Depression and World War II?

 (Franklin) Roosevelt

81. Who did the United States fight in World War II?
 
Japan, Germany, and Italy

82. Before he was President, Eisenhower was a general. What war was he in?

 World War II

83. During the Cold War, what was the main concern of the United States?
 
Communism

84. What movement tried to end racial discrimination?
 
civil rights (movement)

85. What did Martin Luther King, Jr. do?*
 
fought for civil rights
worked for equality for all Americans

86. What major event happened on September 11, 2001 in the United States?
 
Terrorists attacked the United States.

87. Name one American Indian tribe in the United States.

 
Cherokee
 Navajo
 Sioux
 Chippewa
 Choctaw
 Pueblo
 Apache
 Iroquois
 Creek
 Blackfeet
 Seminole
 Cheyenne
 Arawak
 Shawnee
 Oneida
 Lakota
 Crow
 Teton
 Hopi
 Inuit

INTEGRATED CIVICS
A: Geography

88. Name one of the two longest rivers in the United States.
 
Missouri (River)
 Mississippi (River)

89. What ocean is on the West Coast of the United States?
 
Pacific (Ocean)

90. What ocean is on the East Coast of the United States?

 Atlantic (Ocean)

91. Name one U.S. territory.

 Puerto Rico
 U.S. Virgin Islands
 American Samoa
 Northern Mariana Islands
 Guam

92. Name one state that borders Canada.

Maine
 New Hampshire
 Vermont
 New York
 Pennsylvania
 Ohio
 Michigan
 Minnesota
 North Dakota
 Montana
 Idaho
 Washington
 Alaska

93. Name one state that borders Mexico.

 California
 Arizona
 New Mexico
  Texas

94. What is the capital of the United States?*
 
Washington, D.C.

95. Where is the Statue of Liberty?*
 
New York (Harbor)
Liberty Island

B: Symbols

96. Why does the flag have 13 stripes?

because there were 13 original colonies
 because the stripes represent the original colonies

97. Why does the flag have 50 stars?*
 
because there is one star for each state
 because each star represents a state
 because there are 50 states

98. What is the name of the national anthem?
 
The Star-Spangled Banner

C: Holidays

99. When do we celebrate Independence Day?*
 
July 4

100. Name two national U.S. holidays.
 
New Year’s Day
 Martin Luther King, Jr., Day
 Presidents’ Day
 Memorial Day
 Independence Day
 Labor Day
 Columbus Day
 Veterans Day
 Thanksgiving
 Christmas